Sports energy gels have become a popular form of nutrition for endurance athletes over the past couple of decades. Gels provide a concentrated source of glucose that can be easily consumed while racing. The thick, syrupy consistency allows the nutrients to pass through the stomach and be digested quickly. Competitors use gels as a way to replenish glycogen stores and prevent hitting “the wall” during races. Here is an overview of how sports gels work and who may benefit from using them.
Carbohydrate Content
Sports gels contain between 20-40 grams of carbohydrates per serving, typically in the form of maltodextrin. Some gels use fruit sugar as well. The high carb concentration provides a quick source of energy to working muscles. Most gels have a texture like honey. This allows the nutrients to pass through the stomach faster than food. A serving of gel hydrates like a sports drink, but in a more convenient form.
Electrolytes
In addition to carbs, most gels also contain key electrolytes like salt and chemical. These minerals are lost in sweat during strenuous exercise. Restoring electrolytes helps regulate fluid levels in the body and reduce painful muscle cramps. The salt also helps with absorption of the sugars. Electrolyte content varies between brands, so athletes should compare nutrition labels. Caffeine is also commonly added to gels for an extra jolt of energy.
When to Use Sports Gels
Endurance athletes mainly utilize gels during extended training or events lasting 60 minutes or more. Common uses include:
- Marathon or half marathon races
- Century or half century bike rides
- Triathlon competitions
- Soccer, hockey, lacrosse games
- Hiking or backpacking excursions
Gels provide quick nutrition for the carb burning phase of activity. Most athletes consume one gel packet every 30-45 minutes of sustained high intensity exercise. Proper timing of gel intake helps sustain blood sugar levels. Excess may cause stomach upset. Moderate use avoids energy crashes.
Advantages of Gels
Sports gels offer many advantages over other types of fuel like energy bars, chews and sports drinks. Benefits include:
- Portability – Gel pouches are lightweight and easy to transport while running. Minimal packaging also produces less waste.
- Rapid absorption – The viscous liquid consistency gets absorbed quickly relative to solids. Provides a quick energy boost.
- Precise dosing – With each pouch containing one serving, gels offer easy to manage dosing while exercising. Hard to over-consume.
- Variety – Gels come in a wide array of flavors like fruit, chocolate, vanilla and more. Athletes can pick pleasing tastes.
- Caffeine options – Many gels contain caffeine for an extra kick. Provides a physical and mental edge.
Potential Drawbacks
While generally safe and useful when used correctly, sports gels do come with some potential drawbacks including:
- Expensive – Gels cost significantly more than sports drinks per serving. The costs can add up over many uses.
- GI distress – Consuming too many gels can cause stomach upset due to the large carbohydrate dose. Proper dosing is key.
- Sugar content – The carb concentration leads to a high glycemic index. Diabetics need to monitor blood sugar when using gels.
- Dental health – The sugary consistency can harm tooth enamel over time. Proper oral hygiene is recommended after use.
- Limited calories – Gels only provide carbs. Athletes also need protein and fat for balanced sports nutrition.
- Not thirst quenching – Gels hydrate via sugars and electrolytes but do not quench thirst like water or sports hydration gel for altitude drinks.
Summary
While not necessarily recommended for everyday use, sports gels can provide a helpful source of mid-activity fuel for endurance athletes. Proper utilization can help sustain energy levels and performance during prolonged training and events. Athletes should test different brands and flavors during training to determine which gels work best for their needs.